美联储维持利率不变 密切关注全球经济金融形势

　　北京时间1月28日凌晨消息，美国联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）于美国东部时间周三下午2点（北京时间周四凌晨3点）公布了货币政策声明，决定将联邦基金利率维持在0.25%到0.5%的目标区间不变。

　　美联储在声明中称，正在密切关注全球经济和金融形势的发展，评估这些波动对美国劳动力市场和通胀的影响，看它们将如何影响未来前景展望。本次声明中，美联储去掉了12月声明中提及的“影响前景展望的风险因素是平衡的”。这表明，美联储官员们对全球局势发展表示担心。

　　声明全文如下：

　　自联邦公开市场委员会去年12月份召开会议以来所收到的信息表明，尽管经济增长速度在去年年底放缓，但就业市场状况仍进一步改善。家庭支出和企业固定投资最近几个月来一直都在以稳健的速度增长，住房部门进一步改善；但是，净出口则一直保持疲软，库存投资放缓。最近公布的一系列就业市场指标（其中包括就业人数的强劲增长等）表明劳工资源利用率不足的现象已进一步减少。通货膨胀继续低于联邦公开市场委员会的长期目标，这部分反映了能源价格以及非能源进口产品价格的下跌。整体而言，最近几个月中以市场为基础的通胀补偿指标进一步下降，以调查报告为基础的一些长期通胀预期指标则基本保持不变。

　　联邦公开市场委员会正在依据其法定使命来寻求培育最大就业和物价稳定。联邦公开市场委员会目前预计，通过逐步调整货币政策立场的方式，经济活动将以适度的步伐扩张，就业市场指标将继续增强。预计通货膨胀近期仍将保持在较低水平，部分原因是能源价格进一步下跌，但随着能源和进口产品价格下跌的暂时性影响消散以及就业市场进一步增强，通胀率将在中期上升至2%。联邦公开市场委员会将继续密切监控全球经济和金融形势的发展，并对其将给就业市场和通货膨胀的影响以及给通货膨胀前景的风险平衡带来的影响进行评估。

　　鉴于这种经济前景，联邦公开市场委员会决定将联邦基金利率保持在0.25%到0.5%的目标区间不变。货币政策立场仍将保持宽松，从而为就业市场状况的进一步改善和通货膨胀重返2%提供支持。

　　为了判定联邦基金利率目标区间未来调整的时机选择和规模，联邦公开市场委员会将对有关其最大就业和2%通货膨胀目标的已实现和预期经济状况进行评估。这种评估将把一系列广泛的信息考虑在内，包括有关就业市场状况的指标、通胀压力和通胀预期指标、以及有关金融和国际发展的读数等。鉴于目前通货膨胀尚未达到2%的形势，联邦公开市场委员会将仔细监控朝向通货膨胀目标的实际和预期将有的进展。联邦公开市场委员会预计，经济状况的发展仅可令其有理由逐步上调联邦基金利率；在一段时间之内，联邦基金利率很可能仍将保持在低于长期普遍值的水平。但是，联邦基金利率的实际道路将依赖于未来数据所表明的经济前景。

　　联邦公开市场委员会将维持现有的政策，将来自于所持机构债和机构抵押贷款支持债券的本金付款再投资到机构抵押贷款支持债券中去，在国债发售交易中对即将到期的美国国债进行展期，并预计直到联邦基金利率水平的正常化进程顺利展开以前都将继续这样做。这项政策令联邦公开市场委员会的长期债券持有量保持在可观的水平，应可有助于保持融通的金融状况。

　　在此次会议上投票支持联邦公开市场委员会货币政策行动的委员有：主席珍妮特·耶伦（Janet L. Yellen）、副主席威廉·杜德利（William C. Dudley）、莱尔·布莱恩纳德（Lael Brainard）、詹姆斯·布拉德（James Bullard）、斯坦利·费希尔（Stanley Fischer）、埃丝特·乔治（Esther L. George）、洛丽塔·梅斯特（Loretta J. Mester）、杰罗姆·鲍威尔（Jerome H. Powell）、埃里克·罗森格伦（Eric Rosengren）和丹尼尔·塔鲁洛（Daniel K. Tarullo）。（星云）

　　附美联储声明原文：

　　“Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in December suggests that labor market conditions improved further even as economic growth slowed late last year. Household spending and business fixed investment have been increasing at moderate rates in recent months, and the housing sector has improved further; however, net exports have been soft and inventory investment slowed. A range of recent labor market indicators, including strong job gains, points to some additional decline in underutilization of labor resources. Inflation has continued to run below the Committee’s 2 percent longer-run objective, partly reflecting declines in energy prices and in prices of non-energy imports. Market-based measures of inflation compensation declined further; survey-based measures of longer-term inflation expectations are little changed, on balance, in recent months.

　　Consistent with its statutory mandate, the Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. The Committee currently expects that, with gradual adjustments in the stance of monetary policy, economic activity will expand at a moderate pace and labor market indicators will continue to strengthen. Inflation is expected to remain low in the near term, in part because of the further declines in energy prices, but to rise to 2 percent over the medium term as the transitory effects of declines in energy and import prices dissipate and the labor market strengthens further. The Committee is closely monitoring global economic and financial developments and is assessing their implications for the labor market and inflation, and for the balance of risks to the outlook.

　　Given the economic outlook, the Committee decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 1/4 to 1/2 percent. The stance of monetary policy remains accommodative, thereby supporting further improvement in labor market conditions and a return to 2 percent inflation.

　　In determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its objectives of maximum employment and 2 percent inflation. This assessment will take into account a wide range of information, including measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and readings on financial and international developments. In light of the current shortfall of inflation from 2 percent, the Committee will carefully monitor actual and expected progress toward its inflation goal. The Committee expects that economic conditions will evolve in a manner that will warrant only gradual increases in the federal funds rate; the federal funds rate is likely to remain, for some time, below levels that are expected to prevail in the longer run. However, the actual path of the federal funds rate will depend on the economic outlook as informed by incoming data.

　　The Committee is maintaining its existing policy of reinvesting principal payments from its holdings of agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities in agency mortgage-backed securities and of rolling over maturing Treasury securities at auction, and it anticipates doing so until normalization of the level of the federal funds rate is well under way. This policy, by keeping the Committee’s holdings of longer-term securities at sizable levels, should help maintain accommodative financial conditions.

　　Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were: Janet L. Yellen, Chair; William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman; Lael Brainard; James Bullard; Stanley Fischer; Esther L. George; Loretta J. Mester; Jerome H. Powell; Eric Rosengren; and Daniel K. Tarullo.”